Type specimens are categorized into several groups depending on the purpose of the specimens in the taxonomy process. Holotypes are the name-bearing specimens. They are specifically chosen by the author to be one. Paratypes are the specimens that are representative of the holotype. In cases when the author has not yet designated a holotype, the group of specimens are considered syntypes. In the event that the holotypes have to be replaced by a different specimen, the substitute specimen is referred to as the neotype. For species with different male and female characteristics, the opposite sex of the holotype is designated as the allotype.

The National Museum of the Philippines is the official repository of all holotype specimens of flora, fauna, and fossils collections. Such specimens are classified as IMPORTANT CULTURAL PROPERTY. The NMP-GPD together with its research associates, study and conserve these specimens of newly discovered and identified fossils.